What’s an equivalent caliber for a 12-gauge shotgun slug?
Right, penetration is determined by kinetic energy dispersed across the face of a projectile. The formula for kinetic energy is Ke=1/2MV² where Kinetic energy is measured in Joules, M for Mass is measured in Kilograms, and V for Velocity is measured in Meters Per Second. Let’s say a 5.56 rifle round is using milspec standard…